Positive Effects of Ska Game Practice on Cognitive
Function among Older Adults
Somsri Panphunpho PhD*,
Nuntika Thavichachart MD**, Thanomwong Kritpet PhD***
Affiliation :
* PhD Candidate, Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
** Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
*** Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background : Ska is a traditional board game in Thailand that involves high levels of cognition, planning, and decision-
making. There have been no previous studies on the benefits of the Ska game as a cognitive function aid for older adults.
Objective : To examine the effects of Ska game practice on improving cognitive functioning among older adults.
Material and Method: Forty older adults living in the municipality of Phetchabun province, volunteered to take part in the
present study. They were randomly selected and arranged into two intervention groups, an experiment and a control group
(20 participants each group; 10 females and 10 males). Each group was repeatedly trained as planned for at least 50 minutes
per day, three sessions per week for the continuous duration of 16 weeks. The cognitive function measured in term of memory,
Verbal Pair Association I and II (VPA I; VPA II), Visual Reproduction I and II (VR I; VR II), the attention used of Trail
Making Test part A (TMT-A), and the executive function used by means of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The
examination was done by a clinical psychologist and a medical technologist using neurotransmitter to measure
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, before and after the intervention. The independent variables were measured with t-test
to compare the mean scores of two different groups and between males and females of the Ska group. The level of significance
considered was p<0.05.
Results : The findings revealed that those who joined the Ska group reported statistically significant better scores of cognitive
function in memory, attention, executive function from VPA I, VPA II, VR I, VR II, TMT-A, and WCST compared to those
who were in the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference of AChE activity between the Ska and
the control group (p>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference mean in cognitive function between male and
female Ska group (p≥0.05).
Conclusion : Finding shows that the Ska game could enhance the cognitive functioning in terms of memory, attention, and
executive function in older adults.
Keywords : Ska, Cognitive function, Older adults
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