Ethambutol and Optic Neuropathy
WANICHA CHUENKONGKAEW, MD*, PATTHANEE SAMSEN, MD*• NUALANONG THANASOMBATSAKUL, BSc*
Affiliation : * Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Purpose : To demonstrate the association between ethambutol and optic neuropathy.
Method : Thirteen patients who developed optic neuropathy after being treated with etham butol for tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node at Siriraj Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were retro spectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics and initial and final visual acuity were analyzed to determine visual outcome.
Results : All patients had optic neuropathy between 1 to 6 months (mean= 2.9 months) after starting ethambutol therapy at a dosage ranging from 13 to 20 mg/kg/day (mean = 17 mg/kg/day). Seven (54%) of the 13 patients experienced visual recovery after stopping the drug. Of 6 patients with irreversible visual impairment, 4 patients had diabetes mellitus, glaucoma and a history of heavy smoking.
Conclusion : Early recognition of optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with ethambutol therapy. A low dose and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus, glaucoma or who are heavy smokers.
Keywords : Ethambutol, Optic Neuropathy, Tuberculosis
