Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 among Children Aged 6 Months to 4 Years Following Symptomatic COVID-19
Supawan Papakhee¹,², Napaporn Chantasrisawad²,³, Orawan Himananto⁴, Rapisa Nantanee²,⁵, Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt¹,², Jiratchaya Sophonphan², Thutsanun Meepuksom², Thidarat Jupimai², Thanyawee Puthanakit¹
Affiliation : ¹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; ² Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; ³ Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; ⁴ Monoclonal and Antibody Production Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand; ⁵ Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Children aged 6 months to 4 years have been recommended to receive three doses of BNT162b2, after COVID-19 infection, to immunize against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, they might need fewer doses of vaccine compared with COVID-naïve children.
Objective: To describe the immunogenicity of 2-dose BNT162b2 following COVID-19 in healthy young children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among children aged 6 months to 4 years who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta-variant, which was July to November 2021, or Omicron-variant-predominant eras, which was February to August 2022. Participants received two doses of intramuscular BNT162b2 at an 8-week interval. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.4/5 were measured using pseudovirus neutralization tests (pVNT; ID₅₀) at baseline and 28 days after the second dose. Results were compared with a parallel cohort of COVID-naïve children who received 3-doses of BNT162b2 at 0, 4 and 12 weeks.
Results: Between November and December 2022, 80 children with a median age of 2.9 years (IQR 2.1 to 3.8) were enrolled. The median time from COVID-19 infection to the first dose was 13.8 months (IQR 13.8 to 16.2) in the Post-Delta Group, and 8.0 months (IQR 3.7 to 8.2) in the Post-Omicron Group. After 2-doses of BNT162b2, the geometric means (GMs) of pVNT increased from 105 (95% CI 48 to 231) to 863 (95% CI 638 to 1,168) in the Post-Delta Group and from 264 (95% CI 192 to 361) to 2,268 (95% CI 1,831 to 2,811) in the Post-Omicron Group. In comparison, the GM of pVNT was 59 (95% CI 31 to 114) in the parallel cohort of COVID-naïve children who received 3-doses of BNT162b2.
Conclusion: Two doses of BNT162b2 were able to boost the immune response with high neutralizing antibodies against the circulating Omicron variant in children who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Received 7 November 2023 | Revised 6 February 2024 | Accepted 7 February 2024
DOI: 10.35755/jmedassocthai.2024.4.13960
Keywords : SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; BNT162b2; Child; Infant; Neutralizing antibody titer; Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG
[ All Articles ] [ Home ]
2 3 ... 10