Cefazolin induced Seizures in Hemodialysis Patients
Wiwat Arkaravichien PhD*, Janyarat Tamungklang BPharm*, Tarinee Arkaravichien PhD**
Affiliation : * Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen ** Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
Cephalosporins are epileptogenic drugs, especially when excessive dosages are used or when the drugs are used in patients with decreased renal clearance. The present case report showed that a chronic kidney patient receiving hemodialysis developed generalized tonic clonic seizures when an inappropriate high dose cefazolin was given. Cefazolin 2 g iv q 8 h was given for 25 days continuously to treat fever of unknown origin in a patient who was a severe renal impairment patient. In a severe renal impairment patient, the maintenance dose of cefazolin should be reduced by half and the interval for administration should be extended to 24 h. Even though hemodialysis could remove cefazolin from the blood circulation, in the presented case the very high dose of cefazolin given was far beyond the ability of hemodialysis to clear the drug. The accumulation of cefazolin, therefore, induced three episodes of seizures on days 14, 21 and 25. More precaution should be taken when prescribing medication to a patient with predisposing factors.
Keywords : Drug induced seizures, Cefazolin, Dosage adjustment in renal impairment
