The Urinary Cotinine and Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Male Smokers
Thanawan Buacharoen MS*, Pornpimol Kongtip PhD*, Prapin Tharpoophasiam PhD***, Suttinun Chantanakul MD*, Dusit Sujirarat MS**
Affiliation : * Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ** Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand *** Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Objective : To assess urinary cotinine and the effects of smoking on 25 (OH) D levels in 67 male smokers.
Material and Method: Urine and blood specimens were analyzed for cotinine and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D)
concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. The
accuracy, precision and detection limit of the HPLC method were also tested.
Results : The detection limit of urinary cotinine was 0.02 μg/ml. The recoveries of cotinine concentrations of 0.15-2.0 μg/ml
were greater than 95%. Only 23.9% of smokers had sufficient levels of serum 25 (OH) D at least 30 ng/ml. The smokers were
divided into dairy co-operative smokers and other smokers. The average urinary cotinine concentrations of 1,421.42 and
1,866.52 μg/g creatinine were not significant different in dairy co-operative smokers and other smokers whereas the average
25 (OH) D of 29.09 and 22.65 ng/ml, respectively, were significantly different at p-value of < 0.001.
Conclusion : The 42.86% and 10.26% of the diary co-operative smokers and other smokers had sufficient serum 25 (OH)
D levels to prevent osteoporosis.
Keywords : Urinary cotinine, Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, Smokers, High-performance liquid chromatography
