Associated Factors of Blood Pressure Control and Complications of Hypertension in Hypertensive Rural Thai Populations of Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province
Warakarn Tangjatuporn*, Pak Nimitpornsuko*, Pornprapa Chindamporn*, Praopilad Srisuwarn*, Kittiphit Ulit*, Khongrat Sanpantarat*, Chiratha Tonglua*, Preecha Jongstapongpun*, Thanthida Koopitukkajorn*, Pitchayapa Pornrattanakavee*, Poo Chokteerasawad*, Wiriya homhol*, Supatcha Kengpanich*, Sopon Baisopon*, Natta Salyakhamthorn*, Prajej Ruangkanchanasetr MD**, Preecha Uerojanaungkul MD***, Thoranis Chantrarat MD***, Wirote Areekul MD****, Suthee Panichkul MD, MSc****, Ram Rangsin MD, DrPH****, Ampha Suthijumroon MD, MSc*****, Panadda Hatthachote PhD******
Affiliation : * Fourth year medical cadet, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand ** Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand *** Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand **** Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand ***** Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand ****** Department of Physiology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
Objective : To assess associated factors of uncontrolled blood pressure and complications of hypertension in hypertensive
rural Thai populations.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in hypertensive rural Thai people aged > 35 years-old in Baan
Nayao, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and questionnaires were answered. After 12-
hr fasting, blood samples were taken for determining plasma glucose, lipid profiles and serum creatinine. Morning urine
samples were collected for microalbuminuria testing and electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to detect left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH).
Results : Of the 289 participants (97 males and 192 females) mean duration of hypertension was 4.29 + 4.95 years and 61.5%
did not achieve target BP control. Among participants who had ECG performed and urine sample investigation, 15.7%
demonstrated LVH and 25.3% had microalbuminuria. In uncontrolled BP participants, 20% had LVH and 24.8% had
microalbuminuria whereas in controlled BP participants, 7.8% had LVH and 26.1% had microalbuminuria. Uncontrolled
BP was associated with males, dyslipidemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, always having salty food and
salts added for seasoning. The independent risks of uncontrolled BP were hypertensive male (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.07-
5.76) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.24-5.40). Males were also at risk for LVH (OR = 2.86, 95% CI =
1.31-6.23) and history of lipid disorders was a risk of microalbuminuria (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.47-6.67).
Conclusion : Males and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with uncontrolled BP in hypertensive participants.
Males had more risk than females to develop LVH and having history of lipid disorders lead to microalbuminuria occurrence.
Thus, life style modification may prove beneficial to these rural hypertensive participants.
Keywords : Blood pressure control, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Microalbuminuria, Metabolic syndrome, Rural Thai population
