Upper Facial Height of Adult Human Skulls in Thailand
Kimaporn Khamanarrong MD1, Tarinee Sawatpanich PhD1, Bowornsilp Chowchuen MD, MBA2
Affiliation : 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Objective : Understanding the similarities and differences in the anatomy of the male and female face is important for the
surgeon doing facial reconstructive procedures. The current study aims to evaluate the average normal value of upper facial
height from the skull of donated cadavers of males and females for maxillary osteotomy in conjunction with orthodontics.
Materials and Methods : A total of 196 adult dry human skulls (100 males and 96 females) were obtained from donated
cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. The length of upper facial
height, nasion (n) to prosthion (pr) or n-pr, was measured and the mean length vis-a-vis males and females was assessed using
SPSS version 17.
Results : The respective mean upper facial height (n-pr) in males in females was 68.6 and 65.84 mm. The mean length of upper
facial height in males was 2.76 mm higher than in females.
Conclusion : Upper facial height measurement in the current study was clinically significant. The data can be used in
orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontics for males and females in Thailand.
Keywords : Upper facial height, Human skulls, Thailand
