Single Bolus Intravenous Ephedrine Attenuates Reduction
of Core Body Temperature in Patients Undergoing Spinal
Anesthesia for Arthroscopic Knee and Ankle Surgery
Pravitharangul T, MD¹, Karnjanarachata C, MD¹, Areeruk P, MD¹, Thananuwong S, MD¹, Komonhirun R, MEd¹
Affiliation : ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Objective: To determine the efficacy of a single bolus ephedrine on body temperature reduction attenuation during arthroscopic
knee and ankle surgery under spinal anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a single-center prospective randomized clinical trial. Patients undergoing arthroscopic ankle or knee surgery were randomized to receive a single intravenous bolus dose of placebo (normal saline) or ephedrine 9 milligrams (mg) just after a subarachnoid injection for spinal anesthesia. Tympanic membrane temperature and blood pressure were recorded at time points. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs was performed to analyze the difference of temperature at time points compared with before performing spinal block as primary outcome.
Results: Forty patients were randomized, and 34 patients were included in outcome analysis (control n=18 and ephedrine n=16). Patients in the ephedrine group demonstrated better body temperature preservation. The earliest significant effect could be seen 7.5 minutes after the spinal block (control group –0.32±0.39℃ and ephedrine group –0.24±0.5℃, p=0.007). The ephedrine effect on blood pressure was subtle.
Conclusion: For patients undergoing knee or ankle arthroscopic surgery, a single bolus 9 mg of ephedrine given intravenously just after the subarachnoid injection for spinal anesthesia can preserve core temperature. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02948920
Received 11 Mar 2019 | Revised 17 Apr 2019 | Accepted 22 Apr 2019
Keywords : Ephedrine, Heat, Hypothermia, Spinal anesthesia, Temperature
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