ACE Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphism and
Macroalbuminuria among Thai Patients with Type 2
Diabetes, A Single Tertiary Center Study
Patinut Buranasupkajorn MD*, Natnicha Houngngam MD**,***,
Pisut Katavetin MD****, Thiti Snabboon MD**,***
Affiliation :
* Division of Hospital and Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
** Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism,
Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
*** Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand
**** Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand
Objective : To investigate the association between ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism and the presence of macroalbuminuria
among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional case control study included unrelated 188 Thai subjects with type 2 diabetes. Study
subjects having diabetes for at least 10 years with normoalbuminuria and serum creatinine not exceeding 1.2 mg/dL were
assigned as a control group (n = 94), and the study group was composed of type 2 diabetic patients who had macroalbuminuria
(n = 94). The presence of ACE gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-gel electrophoresis.
Results : The distribution of II, ID and DD polymorphism did not significantly differ between study and control groups (II:
20.2%, ID: 40.4%, DD: 39.4%; and II: 25.5%, ID: 43.6%, DD: 30.9%, respectively). There was also no significant
difference between allele frequencies of the I allele: 40.4% and 47.3% and the D allele in the study and control group: 59.6%
and 52.7%, respectively.
Conclusion : A higher but not statistically significant frequency of D allele did not support an association in the I/D polymorphism
of the ACE gene and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to identify genetic risk
factors of DN in Thai patients.
Keywords : Macroalbuminuria, ACE gene, I/D polymorphism, Diabetic nephropathy
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