Foot and Ankle Problems in Muay Thai Kickboxers
Tanawat Vaseenon MD*, Piyapong Intharasompan MD*,
Thongaek Wattanarojanaporn MD*, Nipon Theeraamphon PhD**,***,****,
Sansanee Auephanviriyakul PhD***,****, Phinit Phisitkul MD*****
Affiliation :
* Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
** Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
*** Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
**** Biomedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
***** Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, IA, USA
Background : Muay Thai kickboxing is a common sport that uses the foot and ankle in fighting. Muay Thai kickboxing
trainees usually receive training in Thailand. Foot and ankle problems in this group of people who usually train barefoot
remain unexplored.
Objective : To evaluate the prevalence of common foot and ankle problems in Muay Thai kick boxers.
Material and Method: The present study is a cross-sectional survey of Muay Thai kick boxers practicing in northern
Thailand. Interviews were conducted and foot and ankle examinations were evaluated. Foot morphology was examined
using a Harris mat footprint.
Results : One hundred and twenty-three Muay Thai kickbox ersinnine training gyms were included in this study. Common
foot and ankle problems found in the Muay Thai kick boxers were callosity (59%), gastrocnemius contracture (57%), toe
deformities (49.3%), wounds (10%) and heel pain (9%). Callosity was most commonly found on the forefoot (77.5%), on
the plantar first metatarsal (55.3%) and on the big toe (33.3%). An association was found between a tight heel cord and a
history of foot injury with prolonged periods of weekly training. Toe deformities such as hallux rigidus (37.6%) were also
associated with prolonged periods of training (p = 0.001). No correlation was found between type of foot arch and foot and
ankle problems.
Conclusion : Plantar forefoot callosities and wounds as well as toe deformities including tight heel cords are some of the
foot and ankle problems commonly found in Muay Thai kick boxers. They are associated with prolonged periods of barefoot
training. The unique pattern of training and of the kicks in Muay Thai might be a path mechanism, leading to the development
of foot and ankle problems.
Keywords : Foot ankle, Muay Thai, Kickboxing, Callosity, Gastrocnemius contracture, Toe deformity, Hallux
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