Randomized Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone in Infectious Croup
ACHRA SUMBOONNANONDA, M.D.*, SUBHAREE SUW ANJUTHA, M.D., F.C.C.P. **, SAYOMPORN SIRINA VIN, M.D.**
Affiliation : * Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, * * Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Abstract
Infectious croup is a common and an important cause of upper airway obstruction in young
children. Despite its frequency and potentially serious nature, there is still no definite conclusion
regarding the beneficial effect of corticosteroid. A randomized controlled study on the effects of
dexamethasone in infectious croup was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi
Hospital between January 1985 and September 1986.
Thirty-two patients, 2-37 months old, were included in this study.
Fourteen patients
received dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/dose daily for 3 days) and eighteen patients were the control
group. The dexamethasone group had significantly lower croup scores at 48 hour (p < 0.05),
shorter hospital course (p < 0.005) and lower incidence of endotracheal intubation (p < 0.05) than
the control group. Five patients in the control group required endotracheal intubation. Com-
plications included four episodes of pneumonia, one episode of sepsis, and one bacterial tracheitis.
Pneumonia and sepsis occurred only in the control group. We concluded that dexamethasone
therapy decrease the severity of infectious croup and the risk of complications.
Keywords :
