Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death and disability. Metabolic syndrome is a group of several conditions that has been shown to be a major cardiovascular risk factor. A meta-analysis conducted in 2009 found that metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases for 2.35 times. However, the study included various study populations. This study aimed to evaluate and update the cardiovascular risks of metabolic syndrome in hospital setting. Literature searching was performed under the standard of the Cochrane Handbook on nine databases. There were seven studies conducted on risk of cardiovascular diseases by metabolic syndrome. There were 13,216 patients with 3,069 patients
(23.22%) diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. Overall relative risk for cardiovascular diseases by presence of metabolic
syndrome was 1.88 (1.61, 2.19). Subgroup analysis by study sites and sex were also performed. The relative risks of
cardiovascular diseases by metabolic syndrome for Asia, non-Asia, male, and female were 2.19, 1.79, 1.66, and 2.28. In
conclusion, patients with metabolic syndrome in hospital setting are at risk for major cardiovascular diseases regardless of continents or sex.

Keywords: Relative risk, Sex, Ethnicity