Background: Leukemia is the most common malignancy in children. Multiple prognostic factors have been used in order to assist the clinician to decide appropriate risk-adjusted treatment for each patient; the current clinical outcomes of those patients have been significantly improved over the past decades.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine survival outcome in children who were diagnosed with acute leukemia and treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital during January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2013.
Material and Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the patients who were diagnosed with acute leukemia and
treated at Phramongkutklao Hospital. Their clinical data were collected and analyzed based on clinical features including age, initial WBC count at diagnosis, sex, immunophenotype and cytogenetic abnormalities.
Results: Total 152 patients with acute leukemia, 123 patients were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 29 patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The 5-year survival rates of ALL and AML patients were 72.63% and 30.30%, respectively. In addition, we found a correlation between the ALL patients’ clinical outcomes and several prognostic factors including initial white blood cell count, CNS status at diagnosis and ploidy. However, there was no correlation between those factors and clinical outcomes in AML patients.
Conclusion: Our treatment outcomes on patients with acute leukemia were similar to the reports from other countries. The several prognostic factors especially initial WBC at diagnosis can assist the clinician to select appropriate treatment option for each patient.

Keywords: Acute leukemia in children, Prognostic factors, Survival outcomes