Ion channels are interesting molecules since they mediate not only uterine contraction but also uterine relaxation. We have examined the expression, function, and correlation between the large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channel, β2 adrenoceptor (AR), and long-lasting (L) type calcium (Ca2+) channel. These are the main channels and receptor that are involved in the uterine contraction/relaxation process. Our evidence has shown that BKCa channel is closely correlated with β2 AR in mediating uterine relaxation. Both proteins are situated in close proximity on the plasma membrane of human myometrium and are downregulated approximately 50% after the onset of labor. Interestingly, L type Ca2+channel, which involves in the contraction pathway, seems to be in the same compartmentation as BKCa channel/ β2 AR macromolecular complex. Further studies are now being conducted to identify the signaling complex components that could potentially be a target for new tocolytic agents.

Keywords: Ion channel, Preterm, BKCa channel, Pregnancy, Uterus